Funding the Migration and Refugee, COVID, and Ukraine Crises: The European Union and the Stability and Growth Pact

Savage's research analyzes how the European Union and its twenty-seven member states have financed and budgeted for the expenses associated with the ongoing migration and refugee crises, COVID-19, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These three crises have great significance for the political, economic, and social well-being of Europe. Indeed, what is now occurring in Ukraine has a tremendous effect on EU budgeting and economic policy. His overall research examines budgeting for these three crises that takes place at both the supranational EU level and at the level of the EU’s member states.